Actual Freedom – Definitions

Definitions

Equity; Parity; On Par With


Equity:

equity (n.; pl. equities): the state, action or quality of even-handed dealing, even-handedness; fairness, justness; \ impartiality; unbiased; (adj.): equitable; (adv.): equitably; (n.): equitability, equitableness; equitarian.\ ~ (Online Neoteric Dictionary).


Parity:

parity (n.; pl. parities): the state, action or quality of being on a par; an equivalence of status, level or value; correspondence, similarity; (n.): paritarian. ~ (Online Neoteric Dictionary).


Par/On Par With:

• par (n.): an equality of status, level, or value; equal footing; [e.g.]: “a local product on a par with the best foreign makes”; (adj.): equal to the standard; normal; [e.g.]: “a solid, par performance”; (idiom): par for the course: usual; typical; [e.g.]: “Unfortunately, such short-sightedness is par for the course these days”. [from Latin pār, ‘equal’, ‘that which is equal’]. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).

• par (n.): a state of equality (esp. in the phrase ‘on a par with’). [C17: from Latin pār, ‘equal’, ‘on a level’; see peer¹; viz.: a person who is an equal in social standing, rank, age, etc.; from Old French per, from Latin pār, ‘equal’]. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

• par (n. & adj. & v.; parred, parring; n.): an equality in value or standing; a level of equality; [e.g.]: “gains on a par with losses”; (adj.): average or normal; (tr.v.): (golf): to equal par on (a hole or course); (idiom): par for the course: exactly what one might expect; typical. [1615-25; from Latin, ‘equal’]. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).

• par (n.): 1. Latin, literally ‘equal’, ‘equality’; 2. (golf terms): birdie: in golf birdie, a diminutive of bird, means ‘first-rate thing’ as it refers to one stroke under par for a hole; 3. double bogey: two strokes over par on a golf hole; 4. double eagle (also known as an albatross): three strokes under par on a single golf hole. ~ (Farlex Trivia Dictionary).

• par (n.): a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced; [e.g.]: “on a par with the best”; (synonyms): equivalence, equality, equation; [e.g.]: “the word equivalence represents an essential equality and interchangeability”; (related words): egalite, egality (social and political equality; [e.g.]: “egality represents an extreme levelling of society”); tie (equality of score in a contest); [e.g.]: “the game was declared a tie as the players were evenly matched”). ~ (Princeton’s WordNet 3.0).

• par (n.): 1. the state of being equivalent; (synonyms): equality, equation, equivalence, equivalency, parity, sameness; 2. something, as a type, number, quantity, or degree, which represents a midpoint between extremes on a scale of valuation; (synonyms): average, mean, median, medium, norm. ~ (The American Heritage Roget’s Thesaurus).

• on a par with (idiom): as good as, equal to, as in; [e.g.]: “This violinist may be an amateur but he’s on a par with professional orchestral players”; the noun “par” has meant ‘that which is equal’ since the mid-1600s; the idiom here was first recorded in 1832. ~ (The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms).

• on a par with (common): if one person or thing is on a par with another, they are of the same standard; [e.g.]: “He fascinated her, not least because in him she sensed an intelligence almost on a par with her own”; “Parts of Glasgow are on a par with the worst areas of London and Liverpool for burglaries”; “It took courage and confidence in this girl to place herself on a par with her father, a distant figure with a terrifying reputation”. [note: in golf “par” is the number of strokes a good golfer is expected to take for a particular hole or for the whole course]. ~ (Collins Co-Build Idioms Dictionary).

• on a par with (idiom): equal in importance or quality to; on an equal level with; [e.g.]: “Imagine learning that the MCC had been used for two-hundred years as a front for procuring under-age boys. ... The scandal of the Tour de France is roughly on a par with such a revelation”. (1998 Spectator). ~ (Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary).

• be on a par with someone or something (idiom): to be equal to someone or something; [e.g.]: “Her cupcakes are delicious—they’re definitely on a par with any ones you’d find in a bakery”. ~ (Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary).

• on par with someone or something (idiom): equal to someone or something; [e.g.]: “Your effort is simply not on par with what’s expected from you”; “These two departments are right on par in productivity”. ~ (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs).

• on par with someone or something (idiom): approximately equal (in some characteristic) to someone or something else; [e.g.]: “The two rival tennis players have been on par for the last seven years, constantly battling back and forth for dominance in the league”; “This is about on par with what I expected from their legal team”; “I have to say, their latest product isn’t on par with their last one”. ~ (Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary).

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Random Literary Samples.

• “Even though the Pervaise confession had never come to light, no reasonable doubt could obtain; for the act in question, that sent fifty-two Congressmen to prison, was on a par with countless other acts committed by the oligarchs, and, before them, by the capitalists...”. [italics added]. ~ (page 260, Chapter Seventeen: ‘The Scarlet Livery’, in “The Iron Heel”, by Jack London; 1908).

• “In 1974, Robert Nozick famously claimed, ‘taxation of earnings is on a par with forced labour’ (p. 169, ‘Anarchy, State, and Utopia’; 1974). If we assume that forced labour is morally objectionable, something akin to slavery, then Nozick’s claim about taxation challenged the very heart of socialist redistributive liberalism. Moving through a series of cases starting with a version of J. J. Thomson’s violinist case, it will be argued that Nozick was basically correct. These cases will establish that 1) forcibly kidnapping someone and hooking them up to a violinist is immoral, 2) forcing others to provide necessities of life for you is morally objectionable, while forcing you to provide for your own necessities is not, 3) being related to the ‘forcer’ does not mitigate the wrongness, 4) receiving benefits does not lessen the wrongness of forcing, 5) majority voting does not diminish the wrongness of forcing, 6) the reply that forced taxation does not really require any forcing—workers could choose to watch sunsets or go on assistance—fails to mitigate the wrongness of forced taxation, and finally 7) the view that income is a social construction is examined and rejected. It is concluded that most forms of taxation are immoral as they contain unjustified forcings and the seizures of value”. ~ (from “Why Taxation is ‘On a Par’ with Forced Labour”, by Adam D. Moore; November 20, 2020).

• “G. K. Chesterton was a writer of detective stories on a par with Agatha Christie, a humorist on a par with Oscar Wilde, a travel writer on a par with Robert Byron, and a Christian apologist on a par with C. S. Lewis”. [italics added]. ~ (page 817, Part VII: ‘Theology, Philosophy, and Literature’, in “Key Theological Thinkers From Modern to Postmodern”; ed. Staale Johannes Kristiansen and Svein Rise‎; 2016, Routledge, New York; first published 2013 by Ashgrate Publishing).

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