Actual Freedom – Definitions

Definitions

Abortive; Baseborn; Déclassé; Hoi Polloi

Ignoble; Inglorious; Lowbrow; Misbegotten

Mongrelise; Plebian; Unnoble; Unscholarly


Abortive:

• abortive (adj.): 1. failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless; [e.g.]: “an abortive attempt to conclude the negotiations”; 2. partially or imperfectly developed; [e.g.]: “an abortive organ”; 3. causing or meant to cause abortion; abortifacient; (adv.): abortively; (n.): abortiveness. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).

• abortive (adj.): 1. failing to achieve a purpose; fruitless; 2. (of organisms) imperfectly developed; rudimentary; 3. causing abortion; abortifacient. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

• abortive (adj.): 1. failing to succeed; unsuccessful; fruitless; [e.g.]: “an abortive rebellion”; 2. born prematurely; 3. imperfectly developed; rudimentary; 4. producing or intended to produce abortion; abortifacient; 5. acting to halt progress of a disease. [1300-50; from Latin abortīvus; see abort; viz.: Latin abortus, past participle of aborīrī, ‘to disappear’, ‘miscarry’; from ab- + orīrī, ‘to appear’ + -ive]; (adv.): abortively; (n.): abortiveness. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).

• abortive (adj.): failing to accomplish an intended result; [e.g.]: “an abortive revolt”; (synonyms): stillborn, unsuccessful; [e.g.]: “a stillborn plot to assassinate the President”; unfruitful (not fruitful; not conducive to abundant production). ~ (Princeton’s WordNet 3.0).

• abortive (adj.): failed, failing, useless, vain, unsuccessful, idle, ineffective, futile, fruitless, unproductive, ineffectual, miscarried, unavailing, bootless; [e.g.]: “an abortive attempt to prevent him from taking office”. ~ (Collins English Thesaurus).


Baseborn:

• baseborn (adj.):1. ignoble; contemptible; 2. (a.; offensive): born to parents not married to each other; (b.): of humble birth. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).


Déclassé:

• déclassé (adj.): lacking high station or birth; (synonyms): baseborn, common, declassed, humble, ignoble, lowly, mean, plebeian, unwashed, vulgar; (archaic): base. ~ (American Heritage Roget’s Thesaurus).


Hoi Polloi:

• hoi polloi (n.): the common people; (synonyms): common (used in plural), commonality, commonalty, commoner (used in plural), crowd, mass (used in plural), mob, pleb (used in plural), plebeian (used in plural), populace, public, third estate, ruck {i.e., a multitude; a throng; the undistinguished crowd or ordinary run of the mill persons or things; people who are followers, not leaders; [from Middle English ruke, ‘heap’, ‘heap of firewood’; perhaps from Scandinavian; cf. Norwegian ruka in same senses; akin to rick, Middle English rek(e), reek, Old English hrēac, ‘a heap or pile’; ‘a stack of hay, corn, peas, etc.’, esp. one built and thatched]}. [curly-bracketed insert added]. ~ (American Heritage Roget’s Thesaurus).


Ignoble:

• ignoble (adj.): 1. not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or dishonourable; (synonyms): base², low¹, abject, ignoble, mean², sordid; these adjectives mean lacking in dignity or falling short of the standards befitting humans; base suggests a contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish lack of human decency; [e.g.]: “That liberal obedience, without which your army would be a base rabble”. (Edmund Burke); something low violates standards of morality, ethics, or propriety; [e.g.]: “low cunning”; “a low trick”; abject means degrading or miserable; [e.g.]: “abject failure”; “abject poverty”; ignoble means lacking noble qualities, such as elevated moral character; [e.g.]: “For my part I think it a less evil that some criminals should escape than that the government should play an ignoble part”. (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.); mean suggests pettiness, spite, or stinginess; [e.g.]: “Never ascribe to an opponent motives meaner than your own”. (J.M. Barrie); sordid suggests foul, repulsive degradation; [e.g.]: “It is through art ... that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence”. (Oscar Wilde)

2. not of high social status; common; (n.): ignobility, ignobleness; (adv.): ignobly. [Middle English, of low birth, from Old French, from Latin ignōbilis, ‘unknown’, ‘inglorious’; from i-, in-, ‘not’ + nōbilis, gnōbilis, ‘noble’; see noble; viz.: Middle English, from Old French, from Latin nōbilis, ‘noble’]. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).


Inglorious:

• inglorious (adj.): 1. ignominious; disgraceful; [e.g.]: “Napoleon’s inglorious end”. 2. not famous; obscure; [e.g.]: “an inglorious young writer”; (adv.): ingloriously; (n.): ingloriousness. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).

• inglorious (adj.): disgraceful, dishonourable, humiliating, failed, infamous, unsuccessful, shameful, ignominious, disreputable, ignoble, discreditable, unheroic; [e.g.]: “He wouldn’t have accepted such an inglorious outcome”. ~ (Collins English Thesaurus).


Lowbrow:

• lowbrow (adj.): uncultivated; vulgar; also lowbrowed; (n.): one having uncultivated tastes; also lowbrowism. [after highbrow; from low + brow]. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).


Misbegotten:

• misbegotten (adj.): ill-conceived, abortive, ill-advised, hare-brained, poorly thought-out; [e.g.]: “his grandiose and misbegotten plans”. ~ (Collins English Thesaurus).

• misbegotten (adj.): 1. badly conceived, planned, or designed; [e.g.]: “a misbegotten scheme”; 2. unlawfully obtained; [e.g.]: “misbegotten gains”; 3. (literary dialect; also: misbegot): illegitimate; bastard. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

• misbegotten, also misbegot (adj.): 1. badly conceived, made, or carried out; [e.g.]: “a misbegotten plan”; 2. unlawfully or irregularly begotten; illegitimate; [e.g.]: “his misbegotten son”. [1540-50]. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).

• misbegotten (adj.; offensive): 1. born to parents not married to each other; 2. having an improper basis or origin; ill-conceived; [e.g.]: “misbegotten ideas about education”; 3. deserving of contempt; [e.g.]: “You misbegotten scoundrel!” ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).


Mongrelise:

• mongrelise (tr.v.; pret. and pp. mongrelised, ppr. mongrelising): to make mongrel; give a mongrel nature or character to; [e.g.]: “How... comes it that such a vast number of the seedlings are mongrelised? I suspect that it must arise from the pollen of a distinct variety having a prepotent effect over a flower’s own pollen, and that this is part of the general law of good being derived from the intercrossing of distinct individuals of the same species”. (Charles Darwin, “Origin of Species”, p. 101). [from mongrel + -ise]. ~ (Century Dictionary and Cyclopaedia).

• mongrelise (v.): cause to become a mongrel; [e.g.]: “Those mongrelised dogs”; (synonym): breed (cause to procreate (animals); [e.g.]: “She breeds dogs”. ~ (Princeton’s WordNet 3.0).

• mongrelise (tr.v.; mongrelised, mongrelising): 1. to make debased or impure; 2. to subject to crossbreeding; (n.): mongrelisation. [1620-30]. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).

• mongrelise (tr.v.): to make mixed or mongrel in breed, race, character, kind, etc.; (n.): mongrelisation; mongreliser. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

• mongrelise (tr.v.; mongrelised, mongrelising, mongrelises): to cause to be mongrel; (n.): mongrelisation. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).


Plebian:

• plebeian (adj.): 1. of or pertaining to the common people; 2. of or pertaining to the ancient Roman plebs; 3. common, commonplace, or vulgar; (n.): 4. a member of the common people; 5. a member of the ancient Roman plebs; (adv.): plebeianly; (n.): plebeianism, plebeianness. [1525-35; from Latin plēbēi(us), ‘of the plebs’; adjectival derivative of plēbē(s), ‘plebs’ + -an¹]. ~ (Webster’s College Dictionary).


Unnoble:

• unnoble (adj.; obsolete): not noble; ignoble; (tr.v.; obsolete): to strip of nobility. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).


Unscholarly:

• unscholarly (adj.): not befitting a scholar or learned person. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).

• unscholarly (adj.): lacking the requisite scholarship or instruction; (synonyms): unstudious, unlearned (=‘not scholarly or erudite; not learned’). ~ (American Heritage Roget’s Thesaurus).


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